by CNCEnthusiast
Welcome to another exciting journey into the world of Computer Numeric Control (CNC) machining. Today, we will be delving deep into the specifics of CNC turning drilling cycles. These cycles play a vital role in optimizing the machining process, minimizing tool wear, and ensuring the production of high-quality parts.
The Bedrock: Understanding CNC Turning
Before we delve into drilling cycles, it is vital to understand the basics of CNC turning. This process involves the use of lathes to rotate a workpiece on its axis while a cutting tool moves in a linear motion. This creates symmetric cylindrical shapes. From creating intricate details on wood to cutting hard metals, turning is an essential feature in any CNC machine shop.
Drilling into CNC: The Drilling Cycle
The CNC drilling cycle, often referred to as G81 in the CNC programming world, is another vital tool in the arsenal of a machinist. The cycle involves feeding the tool into the workpiece at a specific feed rate, retracting the tool, and then returning to the initial position.
The Nitty-Gritty: Deeper into Drilling Cycles
For a beginner, looking at sample codes can be daunting and intimidating. However, breaking down the codes gradually will help dispel the mixed emotions that come with lines of codes.
Let's consider this G81 sample code
N10 G90 S1200 M03 G00 X40 Z2N20 G81 Z-40 R2 F0.2N30 X80N40 G80 X150 M30
G90 sets the absolute programming, S1200 sets the spindle speed, and M03 starts the spindle clockwise. G00, X, and Z are rapid traverse commands to position the tool.
The second line is where the drilling cycle begins. G81 initiates the canned drilling cycle. Z-40 is the depth of the hole, R is the point to retract to, and F.02 is the feed rate.
The third line shows the x-position for the second hole, while the fourth line cancels the drill cycle. X150 moves the tool clear of the work, and M30 ends the program.
Throughout the drilling cycle, parameters such as peck depth and feed rate, among others, may need to change depending on the material and the hole depth.
Peck Drilling and Other Canned Cycles
Peck drilling (G83) is a type of drill cycle where the drill is intermittently retracted to clear out swarf. This technique is especially useful when drilling deep holes in materials where swarf evacuation can present problems.
Other common canned cycles include G82 (dwell drilling), where the drill pauses at the bottom of the hole for a set time before retracting, and G85 and G86, which are used for boring operations.
Parting Thoughts
Embarking on the journey to understand the CNC turning drilling cycles might appear daunting. However, with persistence and practice, it will come naturally. As always, remember that the speeds, feeds, and specific tool paths selected depend heavily on the material, the tool used, and the part requirements. Happy machining!
cnc turning drilling cycle program
